Dipankar Bar
Dolphins not only enhance the beauty of rivers and oceans, but they also play a crucial role in protecting the environment and ecosystems. They serve as vital indicators of environmental health. The stability and well-being of aquatic ecosystems depend largely on this species. Freshwater dolphins, in particular, help maintain the food chain among aquatic life.
Amidst the ongoing threats of climate change and pollution affecting our rivers, lakes, and seas, dolphins act as a natural "warning system." A decline in their numbers or signs of illness often points to pollution or other ecological problems within the marine environment. This makes dolphins a key indicator of ecosystem health. As predators, dolphins consume weak and sick fish, which helps maintain aquatic biodiversity. This regulation of fish populations also helps balance marine ecosystems. Therefore, the conservation of dolphins benefits not only dolphins but also the entire marine life. Their absence or decline could disrupt the delicate balance of marine environments.
According to the Forest Department, two dolphin species inhabit our rivers-- the Ganges River Dolphin and the Irrawaddy Dolphin. Both are classified as "endangered" on the IUCN Global Red List. The Irrawaddy dolphins live in the coastal rivers and estuaries of our 720 km coastline, while the Ganges River dolphins are found in a significant portion of the 24,000 km river network. However, their habitat shrinks during the dry season.
Bangladesh is taking notable steps in conserving these dolphins, often ahead of many other dolphin-range countries. We are fortunate to have extensive water bodies suitable for dolphin habitats, including the Padma, Jamuna, Meghna, Brahmaputra, Halda, Baleshwar, Garai-Madhumati, and Dakatia rivers. In recent years, we have undertaken various initiatives to raise awareness and protect dolphins and rivers. Yet, dolphins, particularly the Ganges River Dolphin, remain endangered due to factors such as river pollution, unnecessary fishing nets, hydropower dams, and changes in river flow caused by climate change. Their declining numbers pose a risk to our ecosystem.
Dolphin conservation is not just about saving a single species; it’s a critical step toward ensuring the overall protection of our environment. When we save dolphins, we also safeguard the aquatic environment for other species.
The Bangladesh government and the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change have launched several initiatives, including a special project for Ganges River Dolphin conservation. In 2012, the Ganges River Dolphin was declared a protected species, marking a significant milestone in conservation efforts.
Efforts such as dolphin population assessments, awareness programs, and the development of management plans are also underway in rivers like the Halda. Under the Sustainable Forests and Livelihoods (SUFAL) project, a “Dolphin Conservation Program” has been implemented in key rivers like the Jamuna and Halda. Awareness activities continue, including the distribution of educational materials to spread messages on dolphin conservation.
The Forest Department has proposed declaring the Ganges River Dolphin as the national aquatic animal to further strengthen conservation efforts. International partnerships, research, and monitoring initiatives are also helping protect dolphins. However, achieving long-term success requires public awareness and participation.
Protecting dolphins is crucial not only for biodiversity but also for preserving our cultural and environmental heritage. Together, through collective efforts and environmentally conscious practices, we can ensure the survival of dolphins and safeguard our ecosystems for future generations.
The writer is the Public Relations Officer, Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change.
